Перевод: с русского на английский

с английского на русский

The basic concept of

  • 1 НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

    1. internal arc-proof switchgear and controlgear assemblу
    2. arc-resistant switchgear
    3. arc-proof switchgear
    4. arc-proof switchboard
    5. arc-proof low voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly

     

    НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги
    комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    низковольтное комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    НКУ распределения и управления с защитой от электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    EN

    arc-resistant switchgear
    A type of switchgear design which is designed to withstand the effects of an internal arcing fault, without causing harm to personnel who are located in defined areas. It is not intended to withstand these internal arcing fault without possibly causing physical damage to the structure and/or components, but often the physical damage is less with an arc-resistant design.

    There are three classes of protection:
    Type A - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type B - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type C - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear, from between compartments within the same cell, and between adjacent cells during an internal arcing fault.

    Arc-resistant switchgear has traditionally been metal-clad, but the basic concept could also be applied to other types of switchgear as well.

    arc-proof switchgear
    An incorrect term. Please refer to arc-resistant switchgear
    [Schneider Electric]
    [ http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/glossary-of-medium-voltage-switchgear-terms]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    If the electric arc occurs inside LV switchgear it generates internal overpressures and results in local overheatings which may cause high mechanical and thermal stresses in the equipment.

    Besides, the involved materials can generate hot decomposition products, gases or fumes, which, due to the overpressure, are almost always ejected to the outside of the enclosure thus jeopardizing the operator safety.

    The European Directive 2006/95/EC states the fundamental safety requirements for low voltage electric materials (from 50 V to 1000 V in alternating current, from 75 V to 1500 V in continuos current) to be put on the market within the European Community.

    Among the essential safety requirements defined by this Directive particular importance is given to the need of taking technical measures to prevent “temperature rises, electric arcs or radiations which may result in hazards” from occurring.

    This aspect has always been highly considered for apparatus, but it has been wrongly neglected for electrical switchgear and only in the last 10-15 years it has been catching on both at Italian as well as at international level.

    Safety for the operator and for the installation in case of arcing inside LV switchgear can be obtained through three different design philosophies:
    1. assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
    2. assemblies equipped with devices limiting the effects of internal arcing (active protection)
    3. assemblies equipped with current limiting circuitbreakers.

    These three solutions (also combined together) have found a remakable development in the industrial field and have been successfully applied by the main manufacturers of LV switchgear and controlgear assemblies.

    As it can be seen hereafter by examining the first two solutions, an “active” protection against arc faults is intrinsecally more complex than a “passive” one.

    This because of the presence of additional electromechanical/ electronic devices5 which limit the arcing effects and which, by their nature, may be subject to faults or not-tripping.
    [ABB]

    Дуга, возникшая внутри НКУ, создает внутреннее избыточное давление и вызывает локальный перегрев, что может привести к воздействию на оборудование значительного механического напряжения и перепада температур.

    Кроме того, под воздействием дуги различные материалы разлагаются на продукты, имеющие высокую температуру, в том числе газы и дым, которые почти всегда вырываются из оболочки НКУ под высоким давлением, подвергая опасности оперативный персонал.

    Европейская директива 2006/95/EC определяет основные требования безопасности для низковольтного (от 50 до 1000 В переменного тока и от 75 до 1500 В постоянного тока) оборудования поставляемого на рынок Европейского Сообщества.

    Одно из основных требований безопасности, определяемое данной директивой как наиболее важное, заключается в необходимости предпринять технические меры для предотвращения "подъема температуры, возникновения электрической дуги или излучения", которые могут причинить ущерб.

    Данная проблема всегда учитывалась при создании различных аппаратов, но незаслуженно игнорировалась при разработке электрических комплектных устройств, и только в последние 10-15 лет ей стали уделять должное внимание как в Италии, так и во всем мире.

    При возникновении электрической дуги внутри НКУ безопасность оператора и электроустановки обеспечивается тремя способами:
    1. Конструкция НКУ должна выдерживать механические воздействия, возникающие при горении электрической дуги (пассивная защита).
    2. НКУ должно быть оснащено устройствами, ограничивающими воздействие электрической дуги (активная защита)
    3. НКУ должны быть оснащены токоограничивающими автоматическими выключателями.

    Указанные три способа (применяемые совместно) получили дальнейшее развитие в промышленности и успешно применяются основными изготовителями НКУ распределения и управления.

    Как будет показано далее при рассмотрении первых двух способов, активная защита от дуговых» неисправностей является более сложной, чем пассивная защита.

    Это объясняется необходимостью использования дополнительных электромеханических или электронных устройств, задачей которых является ограничение воздействий дуги и которые сами могут оказаться неисправными и не сработать.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

  • 2 основная идея ... заключается в

    Основная идея... заключается в-- The basic concept of the M.I.T. fluid-delivery and metering system is separation of the high-pressure, high-flow-rate, and high-accuracy functions that are usually performed by a single pump in conventional equipment.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > основная идея ... заключается в

  • 3 концепция оригинальности положена в основу авторского права

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > концепция оригинальности положена в основу авторского права

  • 4 баланс интересов личности и общества

    1. externality

     

    баланс интересов личности и общества
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    externality
    Discrepancies between private costs and social costs or private advantages and social advantages; the basic concept of externality is interdependence without compensation. (Source: PHC / GILP96 / GREENW)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > баланс интересов личности и общества

  • 5 концепция лотерей

    Основным конструктивным элементом теории ожидаемой полезности является концепция лотереи формального механизма, используемого для представления рисковых альтернатив. — The basic building block of the expected utility theory is the concept of a lottery, a formal device that is used to represent risky alternatives.

    Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > концепция лотерей

  • 6 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

    Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:
    IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis
    JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)
    PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)
    PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    \
    О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts
    \
    1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.
    2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.
    3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.
    5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.
    6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.
    7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.
    9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.
    10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.
    11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.
    12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.
    14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.
    15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.
    16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.
    17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
    18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.
    19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
    20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.
    21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.
    22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.
    23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.
    24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.
    25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.
    27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.
    28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
    29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.
    31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.
    32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.
    33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.
    34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.
    36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.
    37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.
    38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.
    39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.
    40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.
    41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).
    42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.
    43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.
    44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.
    45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.
    47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.
    48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.
    49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.
    50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.
    51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.
    52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.
    53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.
    54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.
    55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.
    56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.
    57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.
    58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.
    59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.
    60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.
    61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.
    62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.
    63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.
    64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.
    65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.
    66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.
    67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.
    68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.
    69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.
    70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.
    71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.
    72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.
    73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.
    74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.
    75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.
    76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.
    77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).
    78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.
    79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.
    80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.
    81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.
    82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.
    83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.
    85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.
    86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.
    88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.
    89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.
    90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.
    91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.
    92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.
    93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
    94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.
    96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.
    98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.
    99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.
    100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.
    101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.
    102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.
    103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.
    104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.
    105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.
    106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.
    107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.
    110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.
    111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.
    112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.
    113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.
    114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.
    115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.
    116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.
    117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.
    118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.
    119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.
    120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.
    121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.
    122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.
    123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
    124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.
    125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.
    126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.
    127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.
    128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.
    130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.
    133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.
    134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.
    136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.
    137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.
    140. Bruner, J. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. Amer. Psychologist. 19.
    141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.
    142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.
    143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.
    144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.
    145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
    146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.
    147. Cavenar, J. O. & Nash, J. L. (1976) The effects of Combat on the normal personality. Comprehensive Psychiat., 17.
    148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.
    149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.
    150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.
    151. Coen, S. J. & Bradlow, P. A. (1982) Twin transference as a compromise formation. JAPA, 30.
    152. Compton, A. Object and relationships. PMC. Forthcoming.
    153. Cullen, W. (1777) First Lines of the Practice of Psysic. Edinburgh: Bell, Brandfute.
    154. Curtis, B. C. (1969) Psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of impotence. In: Sexual Function and Dysfunction, ed. P. J. Fink & V. B. O. Hummett. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
    155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.
    156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.
    157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
    158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.
    159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.
    160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.
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    Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

  • 7 идея

    idea, notion, concept
    • (Все) эти теории имеют общую идею (= концепцию), что... - These theories have in common the idea that...
    • Безусловно, читатель знаком с идеей, что... - The reader is no doubt familiar with the idea that...
    • В третьей главе мы увидим другое обобщение той же основной идеи. - In Chapter 3 we shall meet another generalization of the same basic idea.
    • Важно уметь применять идею (= концепцию)... - It is important that we be able to apply the concept of...
    • Введенные в этой главе идеи подведут нас ближе к... - The ideas introduced in this chapter will bring us closer to...
    • Вернемся кратко к идее (чего-л). - Let us return briefly to the idea of...
    • Высказанные ранее идеи теперь могут быть обобщены. - The preceding ideas can now be generalized.
    • Дальнейшее рассуждение затем привело бы к идее... - Further argument would then lead to the idea of...
    • Данная идея получила свое начало при исследовании... - The idea originated with the study of...
    • Идея состоит в следующем. - The idea is as follows.
    • Имеется мнжество подтверждений идеи, что... - There is a great deal of evidence for the idea that...
    • Имеется много других примеров, иллюстрирующих основную идею (чего-л). - There are many other examples which illustrate the basic idea of...
    • Лежащая в основе этого идея состоит в том, что... - The underlying idea is that...
    • Лежащие в основе (этого) идеи настолько просты, что... - The ideas involved here are so simple that...
    • Много идей было выдвинуто для объяснения... - Many ideas were put forward to explain...
    • Многие идеи и результаты последней главы могут быть распространены на случай... - Many of the ideas and results of the last chapter can now be extended to the case of...
    • Многие идеи, рассматриваемые в данной главе, (являются)... - Many of the ideas appearing in this chapter are...
    • Мы будем предполагать, что читатель обладает очевидной интуитивной идеей... - We shall assume that the reader has a clear intuitive idea of...
    • Мы могли бы обобщить эти идеи. - We may extend these ideas.
    • Мы можем обобщить эту идею, вводя... - We can generalize this idea by introducing...
    • Мы можем также использовать (= приложить) здесь идею... - We may also apply the concept of...
    • На самом деле, подобные неопределенные идеи ничего нам не говорят. - Such vague ideas really tell us nothing.
    • Проще всего понять эту идею можно, рассматривая... - The idea is most easily understood by examining...
    • Один из ответов на данный вопрос находится в идее... - One answer to this question lies in the concept of...
    • Однако в общем случае эта идея имеет небольшую область приложений. - However, this idea has little application in general.
    • Основная идея состоит в том, что... - The basic idea is that...
    • Основной идеей этого параграфа является то, что... - The main idea of this section is that...
    • Основные идеи, намеченные в данном параграфе, могут быть проиллюстрированы (чем-л). - The points made in this section can be illustrated by...
    • Полная идея становится точной (путем, если и т. п.)... - The whole idea is made precise by...
    • Последняя идея потеряла большую часть своей значимости, потому что... - The latter idea lost much of its significance because...
    • Похоже, что большинство физиков одобряет идею, что... - Most physicists seem to accept the notion that...
    • Предыдущее обсуждение приводит к идее, что... - The preceding discussion leads to the idea that...; The foregoing discussion gives an idea of...
    • Приведем теперь идею доказательства теорем 2 и 3. - Let us now give an idea on how to prove Theorems 2 and 3.
    • Проблема, которую мы обязаны позднее рассмотреть для применения данной идеи, состоит в том, что... - A problem that we must eventually face in making use of this concept is...
    • Простейшее доказательство базируется на идее, что... - The simplest proof rests on the concept of...
    • С самого начала физики приняли идею, что... - Prom the beginning, physicists have accepted the notion that...; From the outset, physicists have accepted the notion that...
    • Сделаем эти идеи более понятными, рассматривая... - Let us make these ideas clearer by considering...
    • Сейчас мы кратко изложим основную идею (чего-л). - Let us present in a nutshell the main idea behind...
    • Следовательно, мы могли бы принять за аксиому идею, что... - Therefore we may take as axiomatic the idea that...
    • Следовательно, следующим естественным шагом является идея, что... - It is thus a natural step to think of...
    • Следующим шагом было применение идеи... - The next step was to apply the idea of...
    • Смит [1] убедительно аргументирует против идеи, что... - Smith [1] argues effectively against the notion that...
    • Центральная идея, лежащая в основе этих утверждений, состоит в том, что... - The essential idea underlying these statements is that of...
    • Центральной идеей здесь является то, что... - The essential idea here is that...
    • Так лее просто эти идеи могут быть сформулированы (и) для... - These ideas can be formulated just as easily for...
    • Только что изложенная идея была использована, чтобы... - The idea just outlined has been used to...
    • Центральной идеей, на которой основывался подход Смита [1], была... - The essential idea behind Smith's approach was that...
    • Чрезвычайно близкие идеи используются для (= в)... - Precisely similar ideas are applicable to...
    • Чтобы конкретизировать эту идею, давайте... - То make this idea more concrete, let...
    • Чтобы упорядочить все эти идеи подходящим образом, мы... - In order to place these ideas in their proper framework, we...
    • Эйнштейн использовал (- применил) точно те же самые идеи в (= при рассмотрении)... - Einstein applied precisely the same ideas to...
    • Эта идея (= мысль) выражается более точно в... - This idea is expressed more precisely in...
    • Эта идея будет объясняться ниже. - This idea will be clarified below.
    • Эта идея одновременно самодостаточна и привлекательна, однако... - This idea is both self-contained and attractive, but...
    • Эта идея удивительно близка к... - This idea is remarkably close to...
    • Эта идея уже была использована Смитом [1], который предлагает, что(бы)... - This idea has been exploited by Smith [1], who suggests that...
    • Эта простая, но все же глубокая идея... - This simple yet profound idea...
    • Эти идеи были развиты целым рядом авторов. - The material has been developed by a number of contributors.
    • Эти идеи получают немедленно приложение к/в... - These ideas have immediate application in...
    • Этим путем мы приходим к мысли (= идее) о... - In this way we arrive at the idea of...
    • Это весьма настойчиво подталкивает нас к идее, что... - This suggests quite strongly that...
    • Это заключение базируется на тех же идеях, которые приводят к... - This conclusion is based on the same ideas that lead to...
    • Это очевидным образом связано с известной и интуитивной идеей, что... - This is obviously related to the familiar and intuitive idea that...
    • Это приводит нас к идее постулировать существование... - This leads us to postulate the existence of...
    • Это фундаментальная идея, лежащая в основании (решения, процесса и т. п.)... - This is the fundamental idea behind...
    • Эту идею легко понять, однако... - The idea is easily understood, but...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > идея

  • 8 основная идея

    1) General subject: motif, motive, thrust, philosophy (при употр. во множ. ч.), ultimate message, underlying concept, core message
    2) Military: central idea
    5) Cinema: thought force
    6) Advertising: keynote idea
    8) Gold mining: main thrust of the work

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > основная идея

  • 9 решающий элемент

    Потребитель П наиболее фундаментальный решающий элемент микроэкономической теории. — The most fundamental decision unit of microeconomic theory is the consumer.

    элемент теории, конструктивный, основной — basic building block of a theory

    Основным конструктивным элементом теории ожидаемой полезности является концепция лотереи, формального механизма, используемого для представления рисковых альтернатив. — The basic building block of the expected utility theory is the concept of a lottery, a formal device that is used to represent risky alternatives.

    Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > решающий элемент

  • 10 относиться к

    •

    The laboratory rules are concerned with noncritical operations.

    •

    Henry's Law refers only to the effect of pressure.

    •

    Faraday's laws relate to the electrolysis of solutions and fused salts.

    •

    The term "computer-aided engineering" refers to a "total" system concept, in which...

    •

    The result is only appropriate for a finite time interval which is undetermined as yet.

    •

    The above example pertains to the diffusion of liquids.

    •

    The result applies (or refers, or relates) to mass transfer from plate to fluid, or fluid to plate.

    •

    The book deals with (or treats on) distillation.

    •

    Another question has to do with diseases arising from dietary deficiencies.

    •

    This will be true for (or of) very high electric fields.

    •

    Lines la and 2a apply to a 47-microfarad, 35-volt polar capacitor.

    •

    The term caisson covers a wide range of foundation structures.

    •

    Similar considerations hold for emitting molecules.

    •

    This is particularly true in humid regions.

    •

    These properties are not pertinent to the problem at hand.

    •

    This is especially the case with wide armature cores.

    •

    The differences are a matter of degree rather than of type.

    •

    These terms are related to certain atomic groupings.

    •

    The discoveries concern the properties of electric charges.

    •

    This discussion has so far concerned itself with the experimental results obtained.

    •

    The common names isobutane and isopentane apply to those isomers having...

    •

    The third factor concerns the bulky nature of...

    II
    III
    •

    Most abrasive materials fall in the region at the top of the scale.

    •

    All the above forces fall in(to) this category.

    •

    All forms of anemia fall into two main types.

    •

    The discussion of pseudovectors belongs to the domain of the tensor calculus.

    IV
    •

    Mathematical biophysics stands in the same relation to experimental biology as mathematical physics to experimental physics.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > относиться к

  • 11 принцип

    principle, mode, consideration, concept, precept
    • Базовый принцип этого состоит в том, что... - The underlying idea is that...
    • В дальнейшем следует помнить этот важный принцип. - This is an important principle to be kept in mind as we proceed.
    • В принципе это подобно (че. иу-л). - This is similar in principle to...
    • В принципе, могло бы быть полезным... - In principle it may be advantageous to...
    • Важное применение данных принципов обнаруживается в... - An important application of these principles is to be found in...
    • Данный подход нарушает основной принцип... - This approach violates the basic principle of...
    • Данный принцип легко обобщается на... - The principle is readily extended to...
    • Данный принцип утверждает, что... - This principle states that...
    • Другой важный пример этого принципа встречается, когда... - Another important example of this principle occurs when...
    • Использующийся здесь принцип состоит в том, что... - The principle used here is...
    • Исходя из этого (общего) принципа... - With this (general) principle in mind...
    • Легко сформулировать весьма ясный общий принцип. - The general principle is quite clear and easy to state.
    • Метод основывается на принципе, что... - This method is based on the principle that...
    • Одно приложение данного принципа является особенно важным. - One application of this principle is especially important.
    • Оказывается, что эти же самые общие принципы применяются независимо от того, действительно ли... - It appears that these same general principles apply regardless of whether...
    • Отметим, что основные черты данного принципа состоят в... - The principal features to note are...
    • По крайней мере в принципе это позволяет нам (сказать и т. п.)... - At least in principle, this enables us to...
    • Подобные принципы доказали свою полезность при проектировании... - Similar principles prove helpful in the design of...
    • Полностью оценить смысл данного принципа можно лишь после того, как у нас имеется... - The full meaning of this principle can be appreciated only after we have...
    • Поучительно проверить этот результат, начиная с изначальных принципов. - It is instructive to verify this result from first principles.
    • Предыдущее описание просто иллюстрирует принцип... - The above description merely illustrates the principle of...
    • Предыдущие примеры иллюстрируют общий принцип, что... - The preceding examples illustrate the general fact that...
    • Применяя принцип виртуальных работ, мы... - By applying the principle of virtual work we...
    • Таким образом, в принципе необходимо только... - Thus, in principle at least, it is only necessary to...
    • Те же самые общие принципы выполняются, когда... - The same general principles hold when...
    • Теперь мы рассмотрим несколько фундаментальных принципов... - We now turn to several fundamental principles...
    • Тот же самый принцип применяется, когда... - The same principle applies when...
    • Третий пример иллюстрирует основной принцип, что... - Example 3 illustrates the general principle that...
    • Этого принципа придерживаются и сейчас. - This doctrine still holds today.
    • Этот принцип был применен при производстве... - This principle has been applied to the manufacture of...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > принцип

  • 12 влечь за собой

    •

    A decrease in Eg implies an increase in...

    •

    This operation entails (or involves, or results in, or leads to) a waste of current.

    * * *
    Влечь за собой -- to entail, to involve; to bring; to bring in its train
     The looser nature of the particulate material in the feed sections entails a greater length necessary to develop pressure.
     Reducing the concept of a cross-braced truck to practice involves the consideration of numerous factors.
     Redundancy therefore brings increased complexity which can nullify the benefits.
     They illustrate three of the basic areas where improvement will bring in its train sign meant reductions in weight.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > влечь за собой

  • 13 воплощать

    Воплощать в -- to incorporate into, to translate into, to embody in, to make into
     United Technologies incorporated state-of-the-art aircraft engine technology into the basic engine.
     This simple concept could be made into an operational unit, especially if the sliding line contact is eliminated by introducing cam rollers.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > воплощать

  • 14 основной для

    •

    The concept of coordination is basic to the formulation of the structure of polyatomic molecules and ions.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > основной для

  • 15 основной при

    •

    The concept of coordination is basic to the formulation of the structure of polyatomic molecules and ions.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > основной при

  • 16 читатель

    reader ( при обращении к читателю reader всегда употребляется с артиклем the)
    • Безусловно, читатель знаком с... - The reader is doubtless familiar with...
    • Безусловно, читатель знаком с идеей, что... - The reader is no doubt familiar with the idea that...
    • В данной главе у читателя предполагается интуитивное знание... - In this chapter we assume an intuitive knowledge of...
    • В качестве простого упражнения мы предоставляем читателю показать, что... - It is a simple exercise for the reader to show that...
    • В качестве упражнения мы оставляем читателю доказательство того, что... - It is left as an exercise for the reader to show that...
    • В частности, мы предполагаем знакомство читателя с... - In particular, we assume familiarity with...
    • Внимание читателя привлекается к тому факту, что... - The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that...
    • Внимательный читатель заметит, что... - An alert reader will have noticed that...
    • Возможно, теперь читатель... - At this point the reader will probably...
    • Возможно, что читателю будет известно... - The reader will probably be familiar with...
    • Возможно, что читателю будет очевидно, что... - It will probably be obvious to the reader that...
    • Читателю предоставляется проделать это простое вычисление в деталях. - The details of this straightforward computation are left to the reader.
    • Для дополнительной информации читателю настоятельно рекомендуется ознакомиться с Приложением А. - The reader should consult Appendix A for further information.
    • Доказательство (этой теоремы и т. п.) простое. Мы оставляем его читателю. - The proof is simple; we leave it to the reader.
    • Дополнить детали (доказательства и т. п.) мы оставляем читателю. - The details are left to the reader.
    • Заинтересованный (в этом) читатель отсылается к книге Смита [1]. - The interested reader is referred to the book by Smith [1].
    • Книга должна быть доступна любому читателю. - The book should be accessible to everyday readers.
    • Книга должна быть доступна читателям с различной подготовкой. - The book should be accessible to readers from a variety of backgrounds.
    • Книга должна быть доступна читателям с широким кругом интересов. - The book should be accessible to readers having a wide variety of interests.
    • Книга должна быть доступна широкой аудитории читателей. - The book should be accessible to a broad audience.
    • Книга должна быть доступна широкому кругу читателей. - The book should be accessible to a wide variety of readers.
    • Мы будем предполагать, что читатель знаком с... - We shall assume that the reader is familiar with...
    • Мы будем предполагать, что читатель обладает очевидной интуитивной концепцией... - We shall assume that the reader has a clear intuitive idea of...
    • Мы настоятельно побуждаем читателя... - The reader is strongly urged to...
    • Мы оставляем читателю доказательство противоположного утверждения. - We leave the converse proof to the reader.
    • Мы оставляем читателю проверку данного утверждения. - We leave verification of this assertion to the reader.
    • Мы оставляем читателю проверку того, что... - It is left for the reader to verify that...
    • Мы отсылаем читателя к классическому руководству Смита [1]. - The reader is referred to the classic treatise of Smith [1].
    • Мы рекомендуем заинтересованному читателю использовать... - The interested reader is urged to explore...
    • Мы рекомендуем читателю (изучить и т. п.)... читатель We advise the reader to...
    • Мы собираемся опереться на опыт читателя относительно... - We are going to rely on the reader's experience with...
    • Наблюдательный читатель заметит, что... - The observant reader will have noticed that...
    • Наконец, мы обращаем внимание читателя на... - We draw attention, finally, to...
    • Однако для читателя было бы неправильно думать, что... - But it would be wrong for the reader to think that...
    • Однако читатель мог бы по-прежнему возражать, что... - The reader might, however, still contend that...
    • Оставшаяся часть доказательства предоставляется читателю. - The remainder of the proof is left to the reader.
    • От читателя требуются знания, лишь немного превосходящие основы алгебры и тригонометрии. - Few prerequisites are needed apart from basic algebra and trigonometry.
    • За кратким введением в..., а также за дополнительными ссылками на литературу читатель может обратиться к (книге)... - For a brief introduction to..., and a further reference, the reader is directed to...
    • Относительно строгого вывода соотношения (12) читатель должен обратиться к работе Смита [1]. - For a rigorous derivation of (12) the reader is referred to Smith [1].
    • Перед тем как начать использовать эту концепцию, будет честным предупредить читателя, что... - Before we make use of this concept, it is only fair to warn the reader that...
    • Помня эти замечания, читатель должен... - With these remarks in mind, the reader should...
    • Предполагается, что читатель уже имеет некоторое знакомство с... - It is assumed that the reader already has some acquaintance with...
    • Проверку данной формулы мы оставляем читателю в качестве упражнения. - We leave it as an exercise for the reader to check the formula.
    • Результат, справедливость которого может быть проверена самим читателем, формулируется следующим образом. - The result, which may be verified by the reader, is...
    • Уже знакомый с... читатель может получить впечатление, что... - The reader who has previously studied... may have the impression that...
    • Читатель сам быстро убедится в том, что... - The reader will readily convince himself that...
    • Читатель должен быть внимательным, чтобы не перепутать... - The reader should be careful not to confuse...
    • Читатель должен обратить особое внимание, что... - The reader must observe carefully that...
    • Читатель должен принять во внимание, что... - The reader should appreciate that...
    • Читатель должен проверить выполнение этих утверждений. - The reader should verify these statements.
    • Читатель должен проверить, что это справедливо. - The reader should verify that this is the case.
    • Читатель должен тщательно изучить этот пример. - The reader should study this example carefully.
    • Читатель должен ясно понимать различие между... - The reader must understand clearly the difference between...
    • Читатель иногда может обнаружить, что встретился с... - The reader may occasionally find himself faced with...
    • Читатель легко может проверить, что... - The reader will have no difficulty in verifying...
    • Читатель мог бы быть удивлен, увидев, что... - The reader may be puzzled to see that...
    • Читатель мог бы заметить близкое сходство между этим анализом и... - The reader may notice a close similarity between this analysis and...
    • Читатель мог бы начать интересоваться (чем-л). - The reader may have begun to wonder about...
    • Читатель мог бы также захотеть... - The reader may also want to...
    • Читатель мог бы удивиться, видя, что... - The reader may be surprised to see that...
    • Читатель мог бы уже заметить, что... - The reader may have noticed that...
    • Читатель может легко подтвердить (= показать), что... - The reader can easily confirm that...
    • Читатель может оставаться уверенным, что... - The reader may rest assured that...
    • Читатель может сравнить этот результат с выражением (6). - The reader may compare this result with the expression (6).
    • Читатель может считать очевидным, что... - The reader may consider it as obvious that...
    • Читатель найдет поучительным... - The reader will find it instructive to...
    • Читатель найдет этот результат в любом учебнике... - The reader will find this result in any textbook on...
    • Читатель найдет, что... - The reader will find that...
    • Читатель обязан помнить, что... - The reader must keep in mind that...
    • Читатель поймет, что данные свойства прямо связаны с... - The reader will realize that these properties are directly connected with...
    • Читатель с хорошей подготовкой немедленно заметит, что... - The knowledgeable reader will see at once that...
    • Читатель увидит, как можно использовать высшую математику в... - The reader will see how ordinary calculus can be applied to...
    • Читатель, возможно, мог бы начать подозревать, что... - The reader might begin to suspect that...
    • Читатель, не интересующийся этой тонкостью, может немедленно перейти к следующему параграфу. - The reader not interested in this subtle point can turn immediately to the next section.
    • Читатель, несомненно, вспомнит, что... - The reader will doubtless recall that...
    • Читателю будет полезным помнить, что... - The reader will find it helpful to keep in mind that...
    • Читателю еще придется... - It will occur to the reader that...
    • Читателю предлагается самостоятельно проверить, что... - The reader is welcome to check that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > читатель

  • 17 вводить

    (= ввести, см. также введенный) introduce, input
    • В этом случае можно ввести (= определить)... - For this case we may define...
    • Введем теперь новые переменные х, у, z, заданные соотношениями... - Let us now introduce new variables x, y, z, given by...
    • Далее, введем (следующее) обозначение... - Further, we introduce the notation...
    • Для этого удобно ввести некоторые обозначения. - For this it is convenient to introduce some notation.
    • Если мы введем новую переменную х, то сможем избежать... - If we introduce a new variable x, we can avoid...
    • Итак, мы вводим новую переменную т, определяемую соотношением... - We therefore introduce a new variable т defined by...
    • Мы вводим несколько тождеств, которые будут использованы повсюду в тексте. - We introduce several identities that will be used throughout the text.
    • Мы могли бы точно так же ввести... - We could just as well introduce...
    • Мы можем использовать этот результат, чтобы ввести... - We can use this result to define...
    • Необходимо ввести концепцию... - It is necessary to introduce the concept of...
    • Было найдено, что удобно ввести... - It is found convenient to introduce...
    • Однако мы никогда не вводили никаких предположений относительно... - At no time, however, have we made any assumptions regarding...
    • Однако это может быть сделано довольно просто, если мы введем... - It can be done rather easily, however, if we introduce...
    • Они ввели простое предположение, что... - They made the simple assumption that...
    • Перед тем как продолжить (изучение... и т. п.), нам необходимо ввести еще одно определение. - We need one more definition before proceeding with...
    • Подобным образом мы вводим (= определяем)... - Likewise, we define...
    • Сейчас мы введем одно из самых важных (определений, понятий и т. п.)... - We now introduce one of the most important...
    • Следующий способ является наилучшим для того, чтобы ввести необходимую терминологию. - The best way to introduce the necessary terminology is as follows.
    • Сначала мы должны ввести некоторые обозначения. - First we must introduce some notation.
    • Теперь введем переменную Г, определенную (следующим соотношением и т. п.)... - Now introduce a quantity T defined by...
    • Теперь желательно ввести... - It is desirable at this stage to introduce...
    • Теперь мы введем (= определим) несколько других... - We now define several other...
    • Теперь мы готовы ввести основное определение. - We are now ready for a basic definition.
    • Чтобы привести уравнение (1) к стандартному виду, мы введем... - То convert Eq. (1) to a standard form, we define...
    • Чтобы прояснить ситуацию, мы вводим... - То clarify the situation we introduce...
    • Чтобы упростить исследование, мы теперь введем... - То simplify the treatment we shall now introduce...
    • Это вынуждает нас ввести... - This leads us to introduce...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > вводить

  • 18 обобщение

    generalization, extension
    • Более точным обобщением является концепция... - A more accurate generalization is the concept of...
    • В основном, это обобщение (чего-л). - This is essentially a generalization of...
    • В третьей главе мы увидим другое обобщение той же самой основной идеи. - In Chapter 3 we shall meet another generalization of the same basic idea.
    • Для последующего нам необходимо одно обобщение (чего-л). - In the sequel we require a generalization of...
    • Докажем теперь обобщение теоремы 1. - We now prove a generalization of Theorem 1.
    • К счастью, это может достигнуто прямым обобщением... - Fortunately, this can be accomplished by a straightforward generalization of...
    • Непосредственное обобщение является (нашей) следующей задачей. - A direct extension is the following problem.
    • Непосредственным обобщением соотношения (4) является то, что... - It is an immediate generalization of (4) that...
    • Нижеследующее является обобщением результата, доказанного Смитом [1]. - The following is a generalization of a result proved by Smith [1].
    • Подобное обобщение возможно для... - A similar generalization is possible for...
    • Предыдущие определения являются прямыми обобщениями... - The above definitions are straightforward generalizations of...
    • Простым обобщением (1) мы можем записать... - By a simple extension of (1) we may write...
    • Следующая теорема является прямым обобщением... - The following theorem is a direct generalization of...
    • Смит [1] предпринял обобщение... - Smith [1] has undertaken a generalization of...
    • Это обобщение на случай N > 2 измерений будет сделано (с помощью и т. п.)... - The extension to N > 2 dimensions will be effected by...
    • Этот обобщение нельзя применять в случае... - This generalization cannot be applied to the case of...
    • Этот результат предлагает естественное обобщение... - This result suggests a natural generalization of...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > обобщение

  • 19 земная кора

    1. earth's crust

     

    земная кора
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    earth's crust
    The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust). (Source: WHIT)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > земная кора

  • 20 быть основой

    Быть основой-- The translatory orbit velocity is basic to the concept of the unbalanced fluid dynamic force.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > быть основой

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